作戰篇第二
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，馳車千駟，革車千乘，帶甲十萬，千里饋糧，則內外之費，賓客之用，膠漆之材，車甲之奉，日費千金，然後十萬之師舉矣。
其用戰也貴勝，久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈，久暴師則國 用不足。夫鈍兵挫銳，屈力殫貨，則諸侯乘其弊而起，雖有智者，不能善其後矣。故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而國利者，未之有也。故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利也。
善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載﹔取用于國，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。
國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧。近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓竭，財 竭則急於丘役。力屈、財殫，中原內虛于家。百姓之費，十去其七﹔公家之費：破軍罷馬，甲冑矢弩，戟盾蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。
故智將務食于敵。食敵一鐘，當吾二十鐘﹔箕杆一石，當吾二十石。
故殺敵者，怒也﹔取敵之利者，貨也。故車戰，得車十乘已上，賞其 先得者，而更其旌旗，車雜而乘之，卒善而養之，是謂勝敵而益強。故兵貴勝，不貴久。 故知兵之將，民之司命，國家安危之主也。
Let's continue ...
國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧。近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓竭，財竭則急於丘役。力屈、財殫，中原內虛于家。百姓之費，十去其七﹔公家之費：破軍罷馬，甲冑矢弩，戟盾蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。
Some translation suggested:
Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.
On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
Moran: When a nation's resources are depleted by its troops, that is because of long supply lines. When there are long supply lines, the ordinary people become impoverished.
When troops are stationed nearby, then commodity prices rise.
When commodity prices rise, the ordinary people are driven out of the market.
When the resources of the ordinary people are exhausted [by paying the high prices, taxes, etc.], that will create a furor over impositions.
When one's energies are tied up and one's wealth is exhausted within one's nuclear region, then the center of one's own domain becomes a void.
The common people will come up short on seventy percent of their ordinary living expenses.
As for the expenses of the establishment families, there are wrecked vehicles, infirm horses, [damaged or destroyed] armor, helmets, arrows, crossbows, lances, bucklers, and paveses, not to mention oxen and heavy freight wagons. Losses will amount to six parts in ten.
Let's discuss:
國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧。: When a nation's resources are depleted by its troops, that is because of long supply lines. When there are long supply lines, the ordinary people become impoverished.
近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓竭，財竭則急於丘役。: When troops are stationed nearby, then commodity prices rise.
When commodity prices rise, the ordinary people are driven out of the market.
When the resources of the ordinary people are exhausted [by paying the high prices, taxes, etc.], that will create a furor over impositions. 丘役是春秋时期各个国家打仗的时候各国百姓所交的赋税。
力屈、財殫，中原內虛于家。: When one's energies are tied up and one's wealth is exhausted within one's nuclear region, then the center of one's own domain becomes a void.
百姓之費，十去其七﹔: The common people will come up short on seven parts out of ten of their ordinary living expenses.
公家之費：破軍罷馬，甲冑矢弩，戟盾蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。: As for the expenses of the establishment families, there are wrecked vehicles, infirm horses, [damaged or destroyed] armor, helmets, arrows, crossbows, lances, bucklers, and paveses, not to mention oxen and heavy freight wagons. Losses will amount to six parts out of ten.
The ang-mo translation is really weak. The more I studied the text, the more mistakes I found. I am not saying my interpretation is any better. But, at least, I hope to be more accurate. I have no choice but to look for more accurate ones. Moran's interpretation is thus much better.
From the above text, once the supply lines are stretched to battles that are far away. Once engaged, their losses even without true losses in battles are as huge as 60%-70%.
It is so amazing that Sun Tzu at this point still doesn't understand that war is never profitable. Any losses or delays will rob the state of 60%-70% of entire resources.
This passage tells us of the cost of invasion. So be careful if you must invade.
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